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An interdisciplinary study that examines the ritual practice of samâ`listening to recitation, music, and aural phenomena in early Sufi mystical traditions and how these practices relate to altered states of consciousness, interpreting historical sources through contemporary psychological frameworks and exploring the experiences of key figures in early Sufism.

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245: $a: A Psychology of Early Sufi Sama: Listening and Altered States
245: $b:
082: $a:
100: $a: Kenneth S.Avery
650: $a: Religion, Islam
250: $a:
440: $v:
250: $b: RoutledgeCurzon
250: $c: 2004
020: $a: 9780415311069
300: $a: 250