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A comprehensive expert evaluation by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the carcinogenic risks associated with hormonal contraception and post‑menopausal hormonal therapy. This volume reviews extensive epidemiological and experimental evidence on combined oral contraceptives, progestogen‑only contraceptives, post‑menopausal oestrogen therapy, and combined oestrogen‑progestogen therapy, assessing associations with cancer at multiple anatomical sites and classifying agents according to evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and animals. The monograph also discusses methodological issues in interpreting risk data and considers both harmful and protective effects of hormonal preparations.

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245: $a: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Hormonal Contraception and Post‑menopausal Hormonal Therapy, Volume 72
245: $b:
082: $a:
100: $a: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
650: $a: Medical
250: $a:
440: $v:
250: $b: World Health Organization
250: $c: 1999
020: $a: 978‑92‑832‑1272‑0
300: $a: 660