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De Cive (Latin for “On the Citizen”) is one of Hobbes’s foundational works in political philosophy and an early formulation of social contract theory. Hobbes argues that in the state of nature, human life is insecure due to competition, distrust, and desire for power. To achieve peace and security, individuals collectively surrender certain freedoms to a sovereign authority through a social contract. This work laid the intellectual groundwork for his later and more famous political treatise, Leviathan, and remains a key text in political science and political theory.

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